SCENE-STEALING INGÉNUE TO PINUP GODDESS, through magnificence and misstep, Madhuri Dixit has always been worth watching. She has sobbed, snickered and shimmied through movies of varying quality—taking on both clichés and surprises with equal brio—and the mesmerised masses have lapped it up. By the numbers, she is Hindi cinema’s most successful heroine of all time: the highest paid actress, and the only one ever to get paid as much as her leading men. She has bested any so-called rivals, been billed above the biggest actors, and, in an industry defined by songs, shown us the most unforgettable dances of all.
The last three decades have seen her celebrated, deified, dreamed of and craved. In 2001, Pakistan’s then president, Pervez Musharraf, sounded almost wistful when, at the Agra Summit, he remembered Pakistani fans at a Sharjah cricket match singing “Madhuri de do, Kashmir le lo” (Give us Madhuri, take Kashmir) to the tune of ‘Joote de do, paise le lo,’ a song from the bootleg-inspiring Hum Aapke Hain Koun.
Her acting proved to be as impressive as her screen presence; the star often gleamed in films duller than the tired old tins their reels were packed in. Her eyes sparkled with eagerness, and a seemingly effortless spontaneity coloured her performances even in failed films; an infectious energy carried her through moments of tremendous farce as well as painful melodrama. Looking back at, say, the absurd Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin (1990)—where Dixit had to contend with portraying an annoying character, the worst wardrobe imaginable, and an obsessive stalker, in the form of Aamir Khan at his most cutesy—her innate charisma is still evident. As with all actors the camera adores, even her lowest points are worth smiling at, and often show remarkable untapped potential.
It is a potential which may soon bear fruit, at last. While Madhuri Dixit may seem to have proverbially done it all, she is now—having returned to the movies after a hiatus of some length—picking radical roles and sharp filmmakers. Our cinema, staunch in its dated ways, isn’t prepared for her refusal to go quietly into the twilight of supporting roles. She may not command the numbers she once did, she may not be the starlet setting young men afire, but she is unquestionably, defiantly—almost inexplicably—still a superstar. What she does makes a difference, and she could alter how Hindi cinema treats its heroines. Dixit’s experimental films never showed up vividly against the light of her considerable filmography, because her mainstream hits always dwarfed them. But, thirty years after she first showed up on screen, Dixit appears keener than ever to shake up the status quo—if only to make room for herself, one more time.
Madhuri Dixit movies aren’t what they used to be. In one of her two 2014 releases, she played a poetry-fetishising empress in love with her handmaiden; in the other, a parkour-trained outlaw quick with mid-air kicks. Both were huge risks for a megastar in an industry not used to rewarding bold choices. Playing a gay aesthete in January before playing Rajinikanth in March—there has never been anything quite like it.
In the Andheri conference room where we met, Dixit, now forty-six years old, sounded content about the new films. “I’m trying to think of any movie in the past,” she said of Gulaab Gang, the action film, “that, in that setting of a Bollywood potboiler, has women in the key roles. A movie with all the masala, all the dialogue-baazi, and yet with a female protagonist and antagonist.” Based loosely on the crusading Uttar Pradesh vigilante Sampat Pal and her brigade of pink-saree-clad women, Soumik Sen’s film was hardline commercial cinema, a movie unsubtle enough to have starred, say, Akshay Kumar. “That a woman was playing that kind of a role was fascinating, I thought, because it changes the rules in one go,” Dixit said. “It’s like throwing down a bowling ball and watching the pins go flying.”
Gulaab Gang is not a great film, although there is a definite thrill in watching Dixit swagger about kneeing rogues in the chest. She enacts her role with a marked dignity; but the best part of her performance might simply be that she took on a film so unlikely: an old-school movie by a rookie director, with a lower budget than Dixit, or the action-cinema genre, is used to. “The film also spoke about women’s rights and education, and society in general,” she said. “It was a statement on what’s happening around us: laws need to be stronger; we have this whole infrastructure and yet nothing really happens. There were a lot of things that made me do Gulaab Gang.” One of which, clearly, was the opportunity to be trussed up in harnesses and swung around trucks in order to beat up goons—if only because her sons would enjoy watching mummy wreak some havoc.
Abhishek Chaubey’s Dedh Ishqiya wreaks very different havoc. It is a decidedly child-unfriendly film about conmen hoodwinked by an imperious lesbian with a literary bent of mind. It is a highly nuanced movie, and Dixit—as the once-wealthy Begum who plays up to men to pay her bills—imbues her character with a delicacy and a self-aware grace that appears to have eluded every other actress currently in the business. “The old culture is fast fading,” she said of the world of Hindi cinema. “The nawabiyat is crumbling to pieces. As things become more ‘new-age,’ there’s no place for characters with old-world charm, and they try desperately to fit into the new generation.”
Dedh Ishqiya is also a film where our most mainstream actress plays a woman who prefers the company of women—a twist that, while telegraphed subtly enough, is certainly a shock. Dixit assured me she was never worried about it. “I knew exactly what we were doing. There was a lot of ambiguity to it. We left it to the viewer to interpret it themselves: it could be two women who were fed up of the men in their lives and they want to be by themselves, or it could be something else. And I love that little ambiguity.”
Chaubey, whose first “lesbian draft” was wickedly explicit, confessed the script initially gave his heroine cold feet. But then he realised, while subsequently honing the script, that overt sexuality would kill the loveliness of the story’s eventual reveal, an angle pegged on Lihaaf, the Urdu writer Ismat Chughtai’s scandalous classic short story. “She told me about her fears, and I addressed it: This is exactly how I’m going to treat it. If you’re observant, you’ll get it fairly easily. However, if you aren’t watching carefully, you don’t get it, and that’s it. It doesn’t harm your enjoyment of the movie,” said Chaubey, who co-wrote the script with Vishal Bhardwaj. “And then she was fully on, you know. Unlike Huma”—Huma Qureshi, who plays the object of Dixit’s affections—“who was very excited and who was constantly talking to me about it—‘How do I touch her? How do I look at her?’—Madhuri didn’t fuss, she didn’t discuss it too much. However, when shooting, there were absolutely no inhibitions. She was all systems go.”
DURING HER ALL-CONQUERING 1990S, it was easy to draw parallels between Dixit and Julia Roberts—another amazingly successful star with an iconic smile and paychecks as big as the boys—but things have changed. In Dedh Ishqiya, Dixit’s performance shows just how far she has travelled, from heroine to actress. Somewhere in the mid 1990s—between Beta and 1994’s Anjaam—she grew aware of the breadth of her narrative range, and began to steer clear of false notes. Now, with an increased capacity for risk, she may be able to sculpt more complicated characters and mature performances. To extend the Hollywood analogy, the eventual parallel for Dixit would be Meryl Streep, who is both a veteran revered for her acting, and still a leading lady. A Meryl Streep film, too, never quite remains a small film.
Dixit yelped at the mention of Streep. “That’s a big shoe to fill, though. I just want to be different. I want to surprise with each film I do next.” As we spoke of her Hollywood influences, Streep “obviously” is the first name she took, but her choice of the second struck me as telltale. “The new girl, Jennifer Lawrence. She just gets into whatever role she’s playing and she’s so young and it’s crazy.”
The very fact that she cited a twenty-three-year-old wunderkind as an influence indicated how serious Dixit is about avoiding motherly roles. She might not have to. Dixit came of age at a time when the “heroine-oriented film” was box-office blasphemy, but recent trends in cinema, including the success of actresses such as Vidya Balan in 2012’s Kahaani, and Kangna Ranaut in 2014’s Queen, have created hope that the mainstream has evolved.
Dixit also said she believed that women are now getting more textured parts. “She plays a character now. It’s not just a revenge drama, and she’s not either avenger or victim, which is what heroine-oriented films used to mean.” She was also most gratified that female characters no longer have to justify whatever ambitions they might have. “Earlier you had to think that abhi aesa dikhaaenge toh (if we frame it this way) audience might not like it. There’s a sick brother and uske liye kucch karna hai (something has to be done for him), and that’s why she’s a cabaret dancer.”
br>A pivotal development in aid of extraordinary performers and performances in the current cinema is the fact that hits and flops don’t matter as much as they used to. Now, an actress can feature in a critically appreciated flop, and use the momentary acclaim to springboard toward her next project, ideally one with more visibility. This is not a foolproof method, but there are now more chances and better odds for talented actresses to succeed. Newspapers and magazines now look beyond the usual, starry suspects when measuring out the plaudits: in Irrfan Khan, Rajkumar Rao and Nawazuddin Siddiqui, we are beginning to see the rise of the unconventional leading man. There are no Streep-style roles in Hindi cinema quite yet, but if Dixit were to succeed in her way, we might finally have the superheroine we have always longed for.
IT IS A CAREER that took off with an advertisement.Screen India was the most powerful industry publication through the 1970s and 1980s; for a considerable part of this time, its third-page advertisement was the hottest real estate in Hindi film publicity, reserved largely for paid announcements for films celebrating a grand theatrical run, or first posters for films with whopping budgets. It was, therefore, rather startling to see a dramatic six-page ad starting on page three “launching” a heroine who wasn’t merely unknown, but unknown because her first five films had flopped.
In 1984, aged seventeen, Madhuri Dixit did a tiny film called Abodh, opposite the Bengali actor Tapas Pal, which sank without a trace. So did her next four films. During the shoot for Awara Baap, the second of these flops, however, she met Subhash Ghai. Ghai, a hugely successful director who was bulletproof at the box office for two decades straight—from the 1980 release Karz to the 1999 Taal—glimpsed something special in her. “When I first met her in Kashmir,” he said, remembering a trip to scout locations for his 1986 multi-starrer Karma, “she was playing some very small role as Rajesh Khanna’s daughter. A hairstylist, Khatoon, who had worked with me on Karz, came to greet me and said, ‘Ek chhoti ladki hai, side-role kar rahi hai’ (There’s this little girl, doing side-roles)—and she introduced me. Patli si ladki thi” (She was a slim sort of girl).
Ghai was impressed by the slim girl’s face, one he recalled as “absolutely photogenic,” and by her persona, “well-mannered, cultured and innocent.”
“She was an unpolluted actor,” he said, “and I had the confidence that I could shape her into a star. So I took her on as a project.” Ghai spoke of this phase as “re-erecting” Dixit’s career, because he discarded her flops outright, refusing to even watch them. “I told her, ‘I am making this film called Karma, and after finishing this film, in one year, I will make a film properly to launch you.’ I wanted to sign her to a five-year contract so I could groom her properly, and all I wanted was her loyalty.”
Ghai shot a quick showreel with Dixit, sending it to eight producers and directors. “Ramesh Sippy, Indra Kumar, Shashi Kapoor Productions … Everyone I knew well. I said to them that ‘If you think this face, this video is okay, then contact me. I am signing this girl and if you want to sign her, send me a cheque for Rs 5,000.” By the end of the week, Ghai had eight cheques, following which he took out his historic advertisement. Ghai summarised it thus: “This girl who was a flop yesterday is blooming today and will be a superstar tomorrow.”
“She had become a flop heroine,” the trade analyst Amod Mehra recalled. “But what a launch that was! Six pages continuous in Screen? When nobody had even heard of her? It made her career.” Ghai’s coup de grâce was the ad’s final page, emblazoned with the names of the eight producers who had already signed the relatively untested actress. Thus, Dixit became a sensation well before she stepped forth as Ghai’s heroine.
Then, like a much-shaken fizzy drink finally uncorked, came the stream of hits. First Dayavan, Tezaab (1988), then Tridev, Parinda and Ghai’s own Ram Lakhan (1989). From this point, there was no stopping Dixit, who got stronger with each successive triumph. The film industry reacted the only way it knew how: as a herd. Dixit had nine releases in 1989 and ten in 1990. Everyone wanted her.
“If you wanted histrionics,” Mehra said, trying to sum up what producers felt at the time, “Madhuri Dixit was your number one choice. Very quickly, in the 1990s, everyone started comparing her with Madhubala, as a beauty who could charm anybody. But Madhuri grew as an actress besides just being a star.” Mehra dismissed any serious competition to her at the time. “Sridevi was a great comic actress, but that was it. She was a very commercial heroine. For big masala movies people wanted Sridevi, but when they had a role that needed acting, they had to have Madhuri. She had an edge; everyone felt she was the complete Indian woman.”
“Madhuri Dixit is the most solid man I’ve met in the industry,” Shah Rukh Khan told Filmfare magazine in 2006. “Yeah, you heard right. She’s truly like a man. She’s the most solid thinker, the most solid emotionally, a solid believer. And of course, her talent is unquestionable. From her I’ve learnt the most.” Evidently one of those overachievers who believe that comparing a woman to a man is the ultimate compliment to her, Khan told the magazine that he merely followed Dixit’s lead. From a famously cocky star, who knowingly plays the charming narcissist in public, this was a telling compliment: “She is the only one I feel I am not as good as.”
Dixit’s first “hit pairing,” in tabloid parlance, came with Anil Kapoor, with whom she acted in hits like Tezaab, which was her breakthrough movie. The duo became a golden ticket for producers, and collaborated sixteen times, most recently on Pukar in 2000. But all was not peaches and moustaches. One of their biggest films together, Beta, in 1992, cast Kapoor in the unflattering role of a bullied simpleton, and Dixit as his firebrand wife, defiantly challenging her husband’s mother. Dixit, eyes blazing, was the most striking thing about the film, especially while melting the screen during the suggestive song ‘Dhak dhak karne laga.’ “Beta should have been called ‘Beti,’ people tell me,” Dixit said, and smiled nonchalantly at me. Amod Mehra, however, said that Kapoor had not enjoyed the fact that Dixit walked away with the lion’s share of the applause.
Kapoor wasn’t the only leading man wary of, well, being led. “She only started Dil because Anil didn’t have dates at the time, and Aamir”—Aamir Khan, who had a string of unsuccessful films following his 1988 debut hit, Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak—“was a nobody,” Mehra explained. Dil, released in 1990, was a great success. “So another hit pair was born. But once she became a superstar, the biggest heroine … Anil pushed for actresses like Urmila”—Urmila Matondkar—“and Sridevi in films like Judaai, while Aamir was picking actresses like Manisha Koirala”—in the 1995 Akele Hum Akele Tum. “Nobody wanted to take on Madhuri anymore.”
Even if these actors weren’t threatened by Dixit herself, they might have had something to say regarding the characters she played. Most were canny, independent girls, bright students or feisty professionals, who suffered little foolishness, especially from leading men. Mainstream directors such as Ghai—even on the loud, testosterone-filled Khalnayak, ostensibly a vehicle for Sanjay Dutt—always made sure they wrote a meaty part for Dixit.
By the mid 1990s, Dixit was queen. She had the films, the roles, and the audiences she wanted. Once it became clear to producers that her name on a marquee resulted in that all-important box-office opening, she began to render her heroes redundant. For Hum Aapke Hain Koun, for example, not only did she enjoy a higher billing than the hero, Salman Khan, but—according to a recent article in the Indian Express—she was paid a then-astronomical Rs 2.7 crore for the film, more than almost anybody else at the time.
“This is what happens when the heroine becomes bigger than the hero,” Mehra said. “Stories and films have to be built around her stature. So they become heroine-oriented films—which then don’t work at the box office.” This did not mean that independent, intelligent female characters were rejected by the audiences of the 1990s. On the contrary, actresses such as Kajol and Manisha Koirala brought nerve and audacity to their best roles in this period—but, according to conventional industry wisdom at the time, the characters they played belonged alongside even stronger male leads. Sexism, then as now, ran deep in the industry. (To this day, male stars cherry-pick the actresses they work with. )
Treading on her heroes’ toes ought to have signalled Dixit’s imminent downfall in the second half of the decade, but she avoided the precipice in defiantly heroic fashion. She began to do what only the heroes do—working with younger co-stars, and taking charge of the commercial reins of her films.
Dixit broke new ground carousing with a young Akshaye Khanna in 1997’s Mohabbat, nine years after audiences saw her being pinned down by Khanna’s father, Vinod, in Dayavan. Hindi cinema is notoriously unfair to ageing actresses, first relegating them to the dreaded sister and mother roles, and eventually forgetting them entirely. (Rakhi Gulzar, for instance, played Amitabh Bachchan’s lover in Barsaat Ki Ek Raat in 1981, before playing his mother in Shakti just a year later.) But Dixit had broken on through. As producers inevitably bowed to her box-office potential, she hiked her fees to rub shoulders with the highest-paid men—and got what she asked for.
“I’m proud I did it because it paved the path for others to follow,” Dixit told me. “And when you do something groundbreaking, there’s always a risk. But I think I was always clear what I wanted to be, where I wanted to be, and where I wanted women in cinema to be. So that always dictated my choices, whether it was the pricing or the choice of films, I wanted it to be the best and I thought I deserved the best.”
Dixit’s ceiling-shattering act did not, however, pave the path for other women. Even today, the most feted heroines, such as Deepika Padukone and Kareena Kapoor, are paid less than half of what even a second-rung hero—think Shahid Kapoor or Imran Khan—makes per film. That Dixit managed to achieve—and, on occasion, exceed—parity in an industry so irredeemably sexist is a testament to her singular star-power.